OSPF七种状态抓包分析
OSPF－7种类型LSA
OSPF的七种类型LSA：
1、路由器LSA （Router LSA）
由区域内所有路由器产生，并且只能在本个区域内泛洪广播。
这些最基本的LSA通告列出了路由器所有的链路和接口，并指明了它们的状态和沿每条链路方向出站的代价。
2、网络LSA （Network LSA）
由区域内的DR或BDR路由器产生，报文包括DR和BDR连接的路由器的链路信息。
网络LSA也仅仅在产生这条网络LSA的区域内部进行泛洪。
3、网络汇总LSA （Network summary LSA）
由ABR产生，可以通知本区域内的路由器通往区域外的路由信息。
在一个区域外部但是仍然在一个OSPF自治系统内部的缺省路由也可以通过这种LSA来通告。
如果一台ABR路由器经过骨干区域从其他的ABR路由器收到多条网络汇总LSA，那么这台始发的ABR路由器将会选择这些LSA通告中代价最低的LSA，并且将这个LSA的最低代价通告给与它相连的非骨干区域。
4、ASBR汇总LSA （ASBR summary LSA）
也是由ABR产生，但是它是一条主机路由，指向ASBR路由器地址的路由。
5、自治系统外部LSA （Autonomous system external LSA）
由ASBR产生，告诉相同自治区的路由器通往外部自治区的路径。
自治系统外部LSA是惟一不和具体的区域相关联的LSA通告，将在整个自治系统中进行泛洪。
6、组成员LSA （Group membership LSA）* 目前不支持组播OSPF （MOSPF协议）
7、NSSA外部LSA （NSSA External LSA）
由ASBR产生，几乎和LSA 5通告是相同的，但NSSA外部LSA通告仅仅在始发这个NSSA外部LSA通告的非纯末梢区域内部进行泛洪。
在NSSA区域中，当有一个路由器是ASBR时，不得不产生LSA 5报文，但是NSSA中不能有LSA 5报文，所有ASBR产生LSA 7报文，发给本区域的路由器。
* 只有一个例外，每台ABR路由器上利用一个类型3来通告缺省路由。每一种区域内允许泛洪的LSA类型
区域类型 1&2 3&4 5 7
骨干区域 允许 允许 允许 不允许
非骨干(非末梢) 允许 允许 允许 不允许
末梢 允许 允许 不允许 不允许
完全末梢 允许 不允许 不允许 不允许
NAAS 允许 允许 不允许 允许
* 只有一个例外，每台ABR路由器上利用一个类型3来通告缺省路由。
1 末梢区域：（Stub Area）
不允许AS外部通告（LSA 5）在其内部进行泛洪。在末梢区域边界的ABR路由器使用网络汇总LSA （LSA 3）向这个区域通告缺省路由，而且这条缺省路由不会被通告到这个区域的外部去。
Router(config-route)area 1 stub //将Area 1设置成末梢区域
2. 完全末梢区域：（Totally stub）
使用缺省路由到达OSPF自治系统外部的目的地址，而且使用缺省路由到达这个区域外部的所有目的地址，完全末梢区域的ABR路由器不仅阻塞LSA 5，也阻塞所有的汇总LSA――除了通告缺省路由的那一条类型3。
Router(config-route)#area 1 stub no-summary//将Area 1设置成完全末梢区域，此时会将类型3用默认路由代替，NO-summary的作用是将类型3、4用默认路由简化
3 非纯末梢区域（Not-so-stubby-area）
允许外部路由通告到OSPF自治系统内部，而同时保留自治系统的其余部分的末梢区域特征，ASBR将始发类型7的LSA来通告那些外部网络，这些NAAS外部LSA将在整个NAAS区域中泛洪，在ABR上被阻塞。ABR会将类型7的转化为类型5通告到其他区域中。
(在R3的打开debug ip ospf events )
00:33:04: OSPF: Rcv hello from 10.1.3.4 area 2 from Serial0/1 34.34.34.2
00:33:04: OSPF: End of hello processing
(然后在R4上
R4(Config-router)#router-id 4.4.4.4
R4#clear ip ospf process )---更改路由ID
R3#
00:33:08: OSPF: Rcv hello from 4.4.4.4 area 2 from Serial0/1 34.34.34.2
00:33:08: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 10.1.3.4 on Serial0/1 from FULL to DOWN (从R4接收到改变的信息,状态变成DOWN)
, Neighbor Down: Adjacency forced to reset(邻居关系强制重设)
R3#
00:33:08: OSPF: End of hello processing
R3#
00:33:10: OSPF: Rcv hello from 2.2.2.2 area 0 from Serial0/0 23.23.23.1
00:33:10: OSPF: End of hello processing
R3#(R3先发送一个HELLO到对方,R4就会从DOWN状态进入到INIT状态)
00:33:14: OSPF: Rcv DBD from 4.4.4.4 on Serial0/1 seq 0x11DA opt 0x42 flag 0x7 l (在INIT状态下只能单方向的从对方接收DBD,而不能发送DBD到对方)
en 32mtu 1500 state INIT
00:33:14: OSPF: 2 Way Communication to 4.4.4.4 on Serial0/1, state 2WAY
(当路由器看到它自己出现在一个邻居路由器的HELLO分组中时,它就进入了双向状态)
00:33:14: OSPF: Send DBD to 4.4.4.4 on Serial0/1 seq 0x1E65 opt 0x42 flag 0x7 len 32
(当从对方接收到一个类型2的数据库描述DBD分组,路由器就会进入EXSTART状态,在这里没有显示出来)
00:33:14: OSPF: NBR Negotiation Done. We are the SLAVE (当前R3为从状态,具有最高OSPF路由器ID的路由器将胜出并变为"主",此时R4为主)
(两个邻居路由器用HELLO分组来协商谁主谁从,并用DBD分组来交换数据库信息)
00:33:14: OSPF: Send DBD to 4.4.4.4 on Serial0/1 seq 0x11DA opt 0x42 flag 0x2 le
n 152
00:33:14: OSPF: Rcv DBD from 4.4.4.4 on Serial0/1 seq 0x11DB opt 0x42 flag 0x3 l
en 52mtu 1500 state EXCHANGE
（路由器用类型２的DBD来相互描述它们的链路状态数据库的摘要信息）
n 323:14: OSPF: Send DBD to 4.4.4.4 on Serial0/1 seq 0x11DB opt 0x42 flag 0x0 le
00:33:14: OSPF: Database request to 4.4.4.4
00:33:14: OSPF: sent LS REQ packet to 34.34.34.2, length 12
（在描述过各自的链路状态数据库之后，路由器用类型３的链路状态请求（LSR）分组来请求更完整的信息，上为R3向R4发也链路状态请示包，这是在加载状态下完成的，这里好像没有显示）
00:33:14: OSPF: Rcv DBD from 4.4.4.4 on Serial0/1 seq 0x11DC opt 0x42 flag 0x1 l （当R4接收到一个LSR的时候，它会用一个类型４的链路状态更新（LSU）分组进行回应．这些类型４的LSU分组含有确切的LSA，而LSA是链路状态型路由选择协议的核心）
en 32mtu 1500 state EXCHANGE（这个交换状态显示，是因为它又从对方接收到了DBD分组）
00:33:14: OSPF: Exchange Done with 4.4.4.4 on Serial0/1
(交换状态已经完成)
00:33:14: OSPF: Send DBD to 4.4.4.4 on Serial0/1 seq 0x11DC opt 0x42 flag 0x0 le
n 32
00:33:14: OSPF: Synchronize( 两边已经达到同步)
R3# with 4.4.4.4 on Serial0/1, state FULL
00:33:14: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 4.4.4.4 on Serial0/1 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
(加载状态结束之后，路由器就进入全毗邻状态)
R3#
00:33:18: OSPF: service_maxage: Trying to delete MAXAGE LSA
00:33:18: OSPF: Rcv hello from 4.4.4.4 area 2 from Serial0/1 34.34.34.2
00:33:18: OSPF: End of hello processing
R3#
00:33:20: OSPF: Rcv hello from 2.2.2.2 area 0 from Serial0/0 23.23.23.1
00:33:20: OSPF: End of hello processing
R3#
00:33:28: OSPF: Rcv hello from 4.4.4.4 area 2 from Serial0/1 34.34.34.2
00:33:28: OSPF: End of hello processing
R3#
00:33:30: OSPF: Rcv hello from 2.2.2.2 area 0 from Serial0/0 23.23.23.1
00:33:30: OSPF: End of hello processing
R3#sh ip route （显示路由表信息）
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
34.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 34.34.34.0 is directly connected, Serial0/1
2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 2.2.2.2 via 23.23.23.1, 00:02:18, Serial0/0
3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 3.3.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 4.4.4.4 via 34.34.34.2, 00:00:08, Serial0/1
23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 23.23.23.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0
10.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 4 subnets
O 10.1.3.4 via 34.34.34.2, 00:00:10, Serial0/1
O 10.1.2.4 via 34.34.34.2, 00:00:10, Serial0/1
O 10.1.1.4 via 34.34.34.2, 00:00:10, Serial0/1
O 10.1.0.4 via 34.34.34.2, 00:00:10, Serial0/1
12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA 12.12.12.0 via 23.23.23.1, 00:00:10, Serial0/0
（已经从Ｒ４上学到了路由信息了）
R3#
00:33:38: OSPF: Rcv hello from 4.4.4.4 area 2 from Serial0/1 34.34.34.2
00:33:38: OSPF: End of hello processing
R3#
00:33:40: OSPF: Rcv hello from 2.2.2.2 area 0 from Serial0/0 23.23.23.1
00:33:40: OSPF: End of hello processing
R3#
00:33:48: OSPF: Rcv hello from 4.4.4.4 area 2 from Serial0/1 34.34.34.2
00:33:48: OSPF: End of hello processing
R3#
R2配置信息：
R2#sh ip int bInterface IP-Address OK? Method Status ProtocolEthernet0/0 unassigned YES TFTP administratively down downSerial0/0 23.23.23.1 YES NVRAMup upEthernet0/1 unassigned YES TFTP administratively down downSerial0/1 12.12.12.2 YES NVRAMup upLoopback0 2.2.2.2 YES NVRAMup upR2#R2#R2#R2#sh ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not set 34.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsO IA 34.34.34.0 via 23.23.23.2, 02:28:41, Serial0/0 1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsR 1.1.1.0 via 12.12.12.1, 00:00:13, Serial0/1 2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 2.2.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnetsO 3.3.3.3 via 23.23.23.2, 02:28:41, Serial0/0 4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnetsO IA 4.4.4.4 via 23.23.23.2, 02:17:24, Serial0/0 23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 23.23.23.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0 172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 2 masksO 172.16.0.0/22 is a summary, 00:01:11, Null0R 172.16.0.0/24 via 12.12.12.1, 00:00:16, Serial0/1R 172.16.1.0/24 via 12.12.12.1, 00:00:16, Serial0/1R 172.16.2.0/24 via 12.12.12.1, 00:00:16, Serial0/1R 172.16.3.0/24 via 12.12.12.1, 00:00:16, Serial0/1 10.0.0.0/22 is subnetted, 1 subnetsO IA 10.1.0.0 via 23.23.23.2, 00:00:36, Serial0/0 12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 12.12.12.0 is directly connected, Serial0/1R2#R2#R2#R2#R2#sh runBuilding configuration...Current configuration : 1131 bytes!version 12.2service timestamps debug uptimeservice timestamps log uptimeservice password-encryption!hostname R2!enable secret 5 $1$JfgK$QiphqDLmCzzuCzvAKM2g91!!!ip subnet-zero!!!!!!!!!!!!!!interface Loopback0 ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.0!interface Ethernet0/0 no ip address shutdown half-duplex!interface Serial0/0 ip address 23.23.23.1 255.255.255.0 clockrate 64000!interface Ethernet0/1 no ip address shutdown half-duplex!interface Serial0/1 ip address 12.12.12.2 255.255.255.0 ip ospf message-digest-key 1 md5 7 05080F1C2243!router ospf 1 log-adjacency-changes area 1 authentication message-digest summary-address 172.16.0.0 255.255.252.0 redistribute rip subnets network 2.2.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 network 12.12.12.0 0.0.0.255 area 1 network 23.23.23.0 0.0.0.255 area 0!router rip version 2 network 12.0.0.0 no auto-summary!ip classlessno ip http serverip pim bidir-enable!!call rsvp-sync!!mgcp profile default!dial-peer cor custom!!!!line con 0 exec-timeout 0 0 logging synchronousline aux 0line vty 0 4 login!no scheduler allocate!endR2#R2#R2#R2#R2#R2#
R3配置信息：R3#sh ip int b
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Prot
ocol
FastEthernet0/0 unassigned YES TFTP administratively down downSerial0/0 23.23.23.2 YES TFTP up upFastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES TFTP administratively down downSerial0/1 34.34.34.1 YES TFTP up upLoopback0 3.3.3.3 YES TFTP up upR3#
R3#
R3#
R3#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not set 34.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 34.34.34.0 is directly connected, Serial0/1
1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O E2 1.1.1.0 via 23.23.23.1, 00:01:10, Serial0/0
2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 2.2.2.2 via 23.23.23.1, 00:01:10, Serial0/0
3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 3.3.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 4.4.4.4 via 34.34.34.2, 00:01:10, Serial0/1
23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 23.23.23.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0
172.16.0.0/22 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O E2 172.16.0.0 via 23.23.23.1, 00:01:11, Serial0/0
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 2 masks
O 10.1.0.0/22 is a summary, 00:01:11, Null0
O 10.1.3.4/32 via 34.34.34.2, 00:01:11, Serial0/1
O 10.1.2.4/32 via 34.34.34.2, 00:01:11, Serial0/1
O 10.1.1.4/32 via 34.34.34.2, 00:01:11, Serial0/1
O 10.1.0.4/32 via 34.34.34.2, 00:01:11, Serial0/1
12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA 12.12.12.0 via 23.23.23.1, 00:01:11, Serial0/0
R3#
R3#
R3#
R3#
R3#sh run
Building configuration...Current configuration : 875 bytes
!
version 12.2
service timestamps debug uptime
service timestamps log uptime
service password-encryption
!
hostname R3
!
enable secret 5 $1$mJWo$Vlwc6iySvIIGwKfZpDRrJ/
!
ip subnet-zero
!
!
!
!
!
!
interface Loopback0
ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.0
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
no ip address
shutdown
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface Serial0/0
ip address 23.23.23.2 255.255.255.0
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
no ip address
shutdown
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface Serial0/1
ip address 34.34.34.1 255.255.255.0
clockrate 64000
!
router ospf 1
log-adjacency-changes
area 2 range 10.1.0.0 255.255.252.0
network 3.3.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 23.23.23.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 34.34.34.0 0.0.0.255 area 2
!
ip classless
no ip http server
ip pim bidir-enable
!
!
!
line con 0
exec-timeout 0 0
logging synchronous
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
login
!
!
endR3#
R3#
R4配置信息：R4#sh ip int b
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Prot
ocol
Ethernet0 unassigned YES TFTP administratively down downLoopback0 4.4.4.4 YES NVRAMup upLoopback10 10.1.0.4 YES NVRAMup upLoopback11 10.1.1.4 YES NVRAMup up back12 10.1.2.4 YES NVRAMup up
Loopback13 10.1.3.4 YES NVRAMup upSerial0 unassigned YES TFTP administratively down down al1 34.34.34.2 YES NVRAMup up
R4#
R4#
R4#
R4#
R4#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not set 34.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 34.34.34.0 is directly connected, Serial1
1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O E2 1.1.1.0 via 34.34.34.1, 00:03:06, Serial1
2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA 2.2.2.2 via 34.34.34.1, 02:18:46, Serial1
3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA 3.3.3.3 via 34.34.34.1, 02:18:46, Serial1
4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 4.4.4.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA 23.23.23.0 via 34.34.34.1, 02:18:47, Serial1
172.16.0.0/22 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O E2 172.16.0.0 via 34.34.34.1, 00:02:32, Serial1
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
C 10.1.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback13
C 10.1.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback12
C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback11
C 10.1.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback10
12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA 12.12.12.0 via 34.34.34.1, 02:18:48, Serial1
R4#
R4#
R4#
R4#
R4#sh run
Building configuration...Current configuration : 974 bytes
!
version 12.1
no service single-slot-reload-enable
service timestamps debug uptime
service timestamps log uptime
service password-encryption
!
hostname R4
!
enable secret 5 $1$x99h$LKWhwN9FvzvNNpziL2fw2/
!
!
!
!
!
ip subnet-zero
!
!
!
!
interface Loopback0
ip address 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.0
!
interface Loopback10
ip address 10.1.0.4 255.255.255.0
!
interface Loopback11
ip address 10.1.1.4 255.255.255.0
!
interface Loopback12
ip address 10.1.2.4 255.255.255.0
!
interface Loopback13
ip address 10.1.3.4 255.255.255.0
!
interface Ethernet0
no ip address
shutdown
!
interface Serial0
no ip address
shutdown
no fair-queue
!
interface Serial1
ip address 34.34.34.2 255.255.255.0
!
router ospf 1
router-id 4.4.4.4
log-adjacency-changes
network 4.4.4.0 0.0.0.255 area 2
network 10.1.0.0 0.0.3.255 area 2
network 34.34.34.0 0.0.0.255 area 2
!
ip classless
ip http server
!
!
line con 0
exec-timeout 0 0
logging synchronous
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
login
!
endR4#
R4#
R4#
R4#
R4#
R3#
r1配置信息：R1#sh ip int bInterface IP-Address OK? Method Status ProtocolEthernet0/0 unassigned YES TFTP administratively down downSerial0/0 unassigned YES TFTP administratively down downEthernet0/1 unassigned YES TFTP administratively down downSerial0/1 12.12.12.1 YES TFTP up upLoopback0 1.1.1.1 YES TFTP up upLoopback1 202.102.192.68YES TFTP up upLoopback10 172.16.0.1 YES TFTP up upLoopback11 172.16.1.1 YES TFTP up upLoopback12 172.16.2.1 YES TFTP up up back13 172.16.3.1 YES TFTP up upR1#R1#R1#R1#sh ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is 0.0.0.0 to network 0.0.0.0 1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnetsC 172.16.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback10C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback11C 172.16.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback12C 172.16.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback13C 202.102.192.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1 12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 12.12.12.0 is directly connected, Serial0/1S* 0.0.0.0/0 is directly connected, Loopback1R1#R1#R1#R1#R1#sh runBuilding configuration...Current configuration : 1255 bytes!version 12.2service timestamps debug uptimeservice timestamps log uptimeno service password-encryption!hostname R1!enable secret 5 $1$V45N$RY1dIfZKgc5NbXl4tjdl0.!!!ip subnet-zero!!no ip domain-lookup!!!!!!!!!!!!interface Loopback0 ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0!interface Loopback1 ip address 202.102.192.68 255.255.255.0!interface Loopback10 ip address 172.16.0.1 255.255.255.0!interface Loopback11 ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0!interface Loopback12 ip address 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0!interface Loopback13 ip address 172.16.3.1 255.255.255.0!interface Ethernet0/0 no ip address shutdown half-duplex!interface Serial0/0 no ip address shutdown!interface Ethernet0/1 no ip address shutdown half-duplex!interface Serial0/1 ip address 12.12.12.1 255.255.255.0 ip ospf message-digest-key 1 md5 cisco ip ospf priority 100 clockrate 64000!router rip version 2 network 1.0.0.0 network 12.0.0.0 network 172.16.0.0 no auto-summary!ip classlessip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Loopback1no ip http serverip pim bidir-enable!!call rsvp-sync!!mgcp profile default!dial-peer cor custom!!!!line con 0 exec-timeout 0 0 logging synchronousline aux 0line vty 0 4 login!!endR1#R1#R1#R1#R1# 膜拜一下....说的很详细 好贴留着以后看 留着以后一定有用的{:6_267:} {:6_267:}{:6_267:}{:6_267:}{:6_267:}{:6_267:} {:6_264:} 赞，一直会搞错
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